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The Hawken rifle is a muzzle-loading rifle that was widely used on the prairies and in the Rocky Mountains of the United States during the early frontier days. Developed in the 1820s, it became synonymous with the "plains rifle", the buffalo gun, and a trade rifle for fur trappers, traders, clerks, and hunters.
Born in Hagerstown, Maryland, Jacob (born 1786) and Samuel (born October 26, 1792) were brought up by their father, Christian Hawken, to become gunsmiths. [2] Despite the fact that local folklore sets the establishment of their shop in 1807 the evidence suggests that Jacob worked for the Harpers Ferry Armory from 1808 until at least 1818, when he moved to Missouri and bought 160 acres (0.65 km ...
By 1860, Dimick had 27 gunsmiths working for him, building a variety of firearms, including derringer pistols, shotguns and hunting rifles. Dimick personally competed in sharpshooting contests to publicize his shops products, and entered the shop's weapons in regional competitions and fairs with great success.
Loehr, Neil (2004), Weapons Of The Indian Wars (Plains History Project), St. Marys, Kansas: Kaw Valley USD 321, archived from the original on May 7, 2005; Mahon, John K. (September 1958). "Anglo-American Methods of Indian Warfare". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 45 (2): 254– 275. doi:10.2307/1902929. JSTOR 1902929. Morando, Paul ...
English soldier and explorer Jonathan Carver described another striking weapon, the name of which he did not give, that, he said, was unique to the inhabitants of the Great Plains: Having great plenty of horses, they always attack their enemies on horseback, and encumber themselves with no other weapon, than a stone of a middling size ...
The Model 1803 resembles what became the 'plains rifle'. The "plains rifle" or "Hawken rifle" was a shorter rifle more suitable for carrying on horseback. It was popular among mountain men and North American fur trappers in the 19th century. The Hawken brothers (Samuel and Jacob) were one of a number of famous gunsmiths active in St. Louis in ...
The most famous victory ever won by Plains Indians over the United States, the Battle of Little Bighorn, in 1876, was won by the Lakota (Sioux) and Cheyenne fighting on the defensive. [5]: 20 Although they could be tenacious in defense, Plains Native American warriors took the offensive mostly for material gain and individual prestige.
By the time it was replaced by the M1817 rifle and the M1819 rifle, the M1803 rifle had been carried by regular army troops throughout what would later become Kansas, Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota and Texas. It influenced the market so that smaller rifles became more common, and inspired civilian gunmakers ...