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Body image is a complex construct, [1] often used in the clinical context of describing a patient's cognitive perception of their own body. The medical concept began with the work of the Austrian neuropsychiatrist and psychoanalyst Paul Schilder, described in his book The Image and Appearance of the Human Body first published in 1935. [2]
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Venus with a Mirror (1555) by Titian. Body image is a person's thoughts, feelings and perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body. [1] [2] The concept of body image is used in several disciplines, including neuroscience, psychology, medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy, cultural and feminist studies; the media also often uses the term.
The homunculus is commonly used today in scientific disciplines such as psychology as a teaching or memory tool to describe the distorted scale model of a human drawn or sculpted to reflect the relative space human body parts occupy on the somatosensory cortex (the sensory homunculus) and the motor cortex (the motor homunculus).
The figure rating scale has been used in several influential studies on body image, body satisfaction, and eating disorders, and to measure how gender, media, race, and culture affect an individual's sensitivity to his or her own physical appearance. Most research involving the figure rating scale focuses on observing body dissatisfaction.
[1] [2] [3] While many factors, such as "parenting, education, [and] intimate relationships" also affect body image, "the media and body image are closely related." [ 4 ] This is because thousands of advertisements contain messages about physical attractiveness and beauty , examples of which include commercials for clothes, cosmetics, weight ...
Schilder combined Carl Wernicke's concept of the somatopsychic, Sir Henry Head's postural model of the body, and Freud's idea that the ego is primarily a body ego, to arrive to his own formulation of the fundamental role of the body image in man's relation to himself, to his fellow human beings, and to the world around him.
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