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A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members.A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.
Research fellow may also refer to the recipient of academic financial grant or scholarship.For example, in Germany, institutions such as the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation offer research fellowship for postdoctoral research and refer to the holder as research fellows, while the award holder may formally hold a specific academic title at their home institution (e.g., Privatdozent).
A doctorate (from Latin doctor, meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism licentia docendi ("licence to teach").
The first research doctorate was the doctor of philosophy, which came to the U.S. from Germany, and is frequently referred to by its initials of Ph.D. As academia evolved in the country a wide variety of other types of doctoral degrees and programs were developed.
Excepting special ranks (such as endowed chairs), academic rank is dependent upon the promotion process of each college or university. Thus, a tenured associate professor at one institution might accept a "lower" position at another university (i.e., an assistant professorship) because of its connection to the "tenure track."
In Finland, there is less distinction between graduates and undergraduates: university students may be employed as research assistants (tutkimusapulainen) before they graduate with a master's degree. A person pursuing a doctoral degree must already hold a Master's degree, and is typically employed by the university, or enjoys a similar grant ...
On the other hand, 85 percent of engineering doctoral degree holders are likely to initially go into business or the industry sector. [28] Under the circumstances, providing doctoral students as well as postdoctoral researchers with necessary skills for nonacademic positions has become one of the important roles for graduate schools and ...
The tuition fee per annum for part-time PhD degrees are typically 50–60% of the equivalent full-time doctorate. [129] However, since the duration of a part-time PhD degree is longer than a full-time degree, the overall cost may be the same or higher. [130] The part-time PhD degree option provides free time in which to earn money for subsistence.