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Recognizing emotional expressions in images of human faces is a particularly important component of face perception with clear implications in human social interactions. People with schizophrenia reportedly perform poorly compared with healthy adults when asked to identify facial emotions.
To confirm that a task activates identical regions in schizophrenia patients vs. controls, the given task typically begins easily so that both patients and healthy comparison subjects perform close to 100% accuracy; the task is then increased in difficulty to distinguish activation between two groups with varying abilities of individuals. [8]
The prevalence of schizophrenia in adults age 65 and older ranges from 0.1 to 0.5%. [21] Aging is associated with exacerbation of schizophrenia symptoms. [22] Positive symptoms tend to lessen with age, but negative symptoms and cognitive impairments continue to worsen. [22] [23] [24]
Studies show that visual hallucinations are present in 16%–72% of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. [5] [22] [16] [14] In delirium, visual hallucinations have been observed in 27% of patients. [14] [13] Furthermore, visual hallucinations are reported in over 20% of individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies. [14] [23]
Scores are often given separately for the positive items, negative items, and general psychopathology. In their original publication on the PANSS scale, Stanley Kay and colleagues tested the scale on 101 adult patients (20-68 years-old) with schizophrenia [4] and the mean scores were, Positive scale = 18.20; Negative scale = 21.01
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder [17] [7] characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, [10] and flat or inappropriate affect. [7]
The early idea that a person with schizophrenia might present solely with symptoms and indications of deterioration (i.e. presenting with no accessory symptoms [18] [19]) was identified as dementia simplex. [20] ICD-10 specifies the continuation of symptoms for a period of two years in the diagnosis of simple schizophrenia.
Cognitive and negative symptoms: Well tolerated: 3 DB-RPCTs: 120: Agonist at α 7 nAChRs; antagonist at 5-HT 3. Expensive (>$20 AUD/tablet). Antidepressants [77] Escitalopram† [78] Negative symptoms: Well tolerated: 1 DB-RPCT: 40: May increase risk of QT interval prolongation. Fluoxetine: Negative symptoms: Well tolerated: 4 DB-RPCTs (3 ...
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