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During that time, many dietitians advised that a diet devoid of histamine-liberating foods was the ideal strategy to prevent symptoms of histamine intolerance from manifesting. Lists of foods deemed to be histamine-liberating were published in various scientific articles, which included fermented sausages, cured cheese, wine and beer. [11]
Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) has a strong preference for histamine, therefore, it cannot metabolize other biogenic amines. [9] There is limited evidence from double-blind placebo-controlled provocations studies on adverse reactions to histamine-containing foods or other agents associated with histamine intolerance.
Most of the products hold either PGI (51 in the UK and 49 in the EU) or PDO (32 in the UK, 31 in the EU) status, with 4 products being designated as TSG. This list, is compiled according to the eAmbrosia European Commission database and the UK 'Protected geographical food and drink names' database. They list all registered products, as well as ...
Fermented foods and beverages naturally contain small quantities of histamine due to a similar conversion performed by fermenting bacteria or yeasts. Sake contains histamine in the 20–40 mg/L range; wines contain it in the 2–10 mg/L range.
Food allergens account for about 90% of all allergic reactions. [16] The most common food allergens include milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat, [17] which are referred to as "the big eight", and are required by US law to be on labels of foods that contain those foods. [18]
Food intolerance is a detrimental reaction, often delayed, to a food, beverage, food additive, or compound found in foods that produces symptoms in one or more body organs and systems, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy. Food hypersensitivity is used to refer broadly to both food intolerances and food allergies.
Allergies are hypersensitivity reactions of the immune system to specific substances called allergens (such as pollen, stings, drugs, or food) that, in most people, result in no symptoms. Trees within the order Fagales possess particularly potent allergens, e.g. the prototypical Bet v 1, the major white birch ( Betula verrucosa - now called B ...
In 2011, 20 reports of food poisoning at a Stockholm restaurant were thought to be histamine poisoning in tuna from Senegal. In 2012, UK environmental health authorities in north east Lincolnshire intercepted and destroyed a shipment of tuna from Vietnam after four crew members were reported to have developed symptoms of histamine poisoning. [15]