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An external wastegate requires a specially constructed turbo manifold with a dedicated runner going to the wastegate. The external wastegate may be part of the exhaust housing itself. External wastegates are commonly used for regulating boost levels more precisely than internal wastegates in high power applications, where high boost levels can ...
The 1999–2003 trucks also had a deadhead fuel system and a "long lead" injector in cyl. number 8 due to lower fuel pressures with the deadhead design (AE code injector). The California trucks from 1996 and 1997 have a 120 cc (7.3 cu in) split-shot fuel injectors; other trucks did not get split-shot injectors until 1999.
The BorgWarner developed turbo can produce up to 27 psi (1.9 bar) of boost thanks in part to its unique dual volute turbine housing and an electrically actuated wastegate. Instead of two side-by-side exhaust passages like on a regular twin-scroll turbocharger , in this design the two exhaust passages are concentric and allow for better use of ...
Saab Full Pressure Turbo (FPT) models with this unit include the APC name displayed on a non-numeric boost pressure gauge in the instrument panel. Although knock sensors are common even on non-turbocharged and turbocharged engines today, Saab has continued to use the APC name prominently as a differentiating feature.
The turbocharger was made by the Thompson Valve Division of Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge Inc., which became TRW in 1965. [24] The model selected weighed 13.5 lb (6.1 kg). [22] It had a 3 in (76 mm) diameter impeller and was capable of spinning at up to 70,000 rpm. [25] The turbocharged Corvair engine did not use a wastegate to limit boost pressure.
Variable-geometry turbochargers (VGTs), occasionally known as variable-nozzle turbochargers (VNTs), are a type of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio (A/R ratio) of the turbocharger to be altered as conditions change. This is done with the use of adjustable vanes located inside the turbine housing between the ...
Still, the turbocharger improves the engine's thermal efficiency, resulting in a BSFC of 245 g/(kW·h), an improvement of ca. 20 g over the naturally aspirated version. [7] The original performance figures for the 2998 cm 3 unit were 85 kW at 4200/min [ 8 ] and a BMEP of 1.0 MPa, [ 6 ] equivalent to a maximum torque of ca. 235 N·m at 2400/min ...
31 July Turbo: Once Around the Block, about British motor racing; the Ferrari F1/86 and the Imola Circuit in Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, and Tifosi spectators; the 1984 British Grand Prix at Brands Hatch; the Motronic engine control units of Robert Bosch GmbH; Keith Duckworth, known for the Cosworth DFV, and Michael Kranefuss, head of Ford Motor Sport; Walter Hayes of Ford of Europe ...