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From 1947 to 1995, all NPA codes were distinguished with the digits 0 or 1 in the middle position. This provided the traditional format N 0/1 X, where N is any digit from 2 to 9, and X is any of the ten numerals. This format provided a set of 160 combinations, but only 144 were in use for geographic NPA codes.
In the administration of the North American Numbering Plan, central office code protection is a numbering policy for maintaining local seven-digit dialing in communities that extend on both sides of the boundary line between multiple numbering plan areas (NPAs), such as in cross-border towns on state lines.
The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) divides the territories of its members into geographic numbering plan areas (NPAs). Each NPA is identified by one or more numbering plan area codes (NPA codes, or area codes), consisting of three digits that are prefixed to each local telephone number having seven digits.
Public resistance to the introduction of new area codes, whether as overlay complexes (which allowed customers to keep their existing numbers, but broke seven-digit local calling) or by area code splits (where the area code of existing numbers was changed), prompted the FCC and state commissions to introduce thousands-block number pooling, i.e. the allocation of number space in blocks of only ...
NANP telephone numbers are formally rendered as NPA-NXX-XXXX, but (NPA) NXX-XXXX is common, as are others forms of punctuation. The parentheses were used originally to indicate that the area code was not necessary for local dialing. The NPA-part of the number has the formal format NXX, since 1995 identical to the format of central office codes.
The area code designates a numbering plan area (NPA) which is a geographic division of the numbering plan's entire service area, based principally on the boundaries of U.S. states, Canadian provinces, and smaller countries and territories. Many states and provinces are divided further to accommodate numbering plan needs and toll call routing ...
For this size of the network, a unique two-digit code for each numbering plan area (NPA) would have been sufficient. However, AT&T wanted to preserve existing dialing practices by only dialing the local number for local calls; it was therefore necessary to distinguish the NPA codes from central office codes automatically by the switching system.
Local number portability (LNP) for fixed lines, and full mobile number portability (FMNP) for mobile phone lines, refers to the ability of a "customer of record" of an existing fixed-line or mobile telephone number assigned by a local exchange carrier (LEC) to reassign the number to another carrier ("service provider portability"), move it to another location ("geographic portability"), or ...