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Vertical wind shear is a change in wind speed or direction with a change in altitude. Horizontal wind shear is a change in wind speed with a change in lateral position for a given altitude. [1] Wind shear is a microscale meteorological phenomenon occurring over a very small distance, but it can be associated with mesoscale or synoptic scale ...
In common usage, wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient [1] or wind velocity gradient, [2] or alternatively shear wind, [3] is the vertical component of the gradient of the mean horizontal wind speed in the lower atmosphere. [4] It is the rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level.
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The log wind profile is a semi-empirical relationship commonly used to describe the vertical distribution of horizontal mean wind speeds within the lowest portion of the planetary boundary layer. The relationship is well described in the literature.
Understanding how wind shear influences weather patterns is somewhat complex as there are multiple types of wind shear and because it can be a factor Wind shear can be a storm's best friend or ...
Associated with jet streams is a phenomenon known as clear-air turbulence (CAT), caused by vertical and horizontal wind shear caused by jet streams. [44] The CAT is strongest on the cold air side of the jet, [45] next to and just under the axis of the jet. [46]
Jet stream produces horizontal wind shear at its edges, caused by the different relative air speeds of the stream and the surrounding air. Wind shear, a difference in relative speed between two adjacent air masses, can produce vortices, and when of sufficient degree, the air will tend to move chaotically. [10]
Wind shear can be broken down into vertical and horizontal components, with horizontal wind shear seen across weather fronts and near the coast, [62] and vertical shear typically near the surface, [63] though also at higher levels in the atmosphere near upper level jets and frontal zones aloft. [64]