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When close substitutes are available, customers can easily and quickly forgo buying a company's product by finding other alternatives. This can weaken a company's power which threatens long-term profitability. The risk of substitution can be considered high when: [21] Customers have slight switching costs between two available substitutes.
Cross elasticity of demand of product B with respect to product A (η BA): = / / = > implies two goods are substitutes.Consumers purchase more B when the price of A increases. Example: the cross elasticity of demand of butter with respect to margarine is 0.81, so 1% increase in the price of margarine will increase the demand for butter by 0.81
Price-performance trade off – if the substitute offers an attractive trade off between price and performance in relation to the industry product. The better the relative value of the substitute the stronger the negative impact it will have on profitability [4] [7] Buyers propensity to substitute – how willing the consumer is to use a ...
In practice, this means that if a company bought Bitcoin at $20,000 and it dropped to $15,000, it must announce an impairment—a nasty sounding word—that never goes away, even if Bitcoin shoots ...
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The overall effect of the price change is that the consumer now chooses the consumption bundle at point C. But the move from A to C can be decomposed into two parts. The substitution effect is the change that would occur if the consumer were required to remain on the original indifference curve; this is the move from A to B. The income effect ...
Hence, it depends on customers' perception of the extent of product differentiation. Even until 1999, the consequences of these concepts were not well understood. In fact, Miller (1986) proposed marketing and innovation as two differentiation strategies, which was supported by some scholars like Lee and Miller (1999). Mintzberg (1988) proposed ...
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