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Strengthening, especially of (1) the middle and lower back support muscles and scapula retractors, and (2) the longus colli and the deep neck flexor muscles. [35] Stretching muscles that cause neck protrusion, especially of the upper fibres of the trapezius muscle. [36] Lower cervical flexors: sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalene ...
Type I: Notch is absent. The superior border forms a wide depression from the medial angle to the coracoid process. Type II: Notch is a blunted V-shape occupying the middle third of the superior border. Type III: Notch is U-shaped with nearly parallel margins. Type IV: Notch is V-shaped and very small.
The coracoid process acts as an attachment and origin for a large number of muscles (attached muscles not labeled here). The coracoid process is a thick curved process attached by a broad base to the upper part of the neck of the scapula; [2] it runs at first upward and medially; then, becoming smaller, it changes its direction, and projects forward and laterally.
The third group, which is mainly responsible for stabilization and rotation of the scapula, consists of the trapezius, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles and attach to the medial, superior, and inferior borders of the scapula. Each of these muscles has its own role in shoulder function and must be in balance with the ...
The supraspinatus (pl.: supraspinati) is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinous fossa superior portion of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder.
The root of the spine of the scapula is the most medial part of the scapular spine. It is termed "triangular area of the spine of scapula", based on its triangular shape giving it distinguishable visible shape on x-ray images. [1] The root of the spine is on a level with the tip of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra. [2]
The subscapularis is covered by a dense fascia which attaches to the scapula at the margins of the subscapularis' attachment (origin) on the scapula. [1] The muscle's fibers pass laterally from its origin before coalescing into a tendon of insertion. [citation needed] The tendon intermingles with the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint capsule. [1]
During abduction of the arm, the middle and inferior ligaments become taut while the superior ligament relaxes. The radius of curvature of the head of the humerus is greater superiorly than inferiorly, which further stretches these ligaments so that they keep the articular surfaces of the joint in their close-packed position.