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Speech sound disorders (SSDs) can arise from a variety of causes, which are generally categorized into organic and functional factors: Organic causes These include physical or neurological issues that affect speech production: hearing loss, including temporary hearing loss, such as from ear infections; developmental disorders (e.g. autism)
Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]
Speech skills are vital to social relationships and learning, and delays or disorders that relate to developing these skills can impact individuals function. [3] For many children and adolescents, this can present as issues with academics. [4] Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population, and 5% of the primary school population. [5]
Speech is the act of articulating sounds, and this can be impaired for all kinds of reasons – a structural problem such as cleft lip and cleft palate, a neurological problem affecting motor control of the speech apparatus dysarthria, or inability to perceive distinctions between sounds because of hearing loss. Some distortions of speech ...
Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system [1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. [2] It is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words.
Puberphonia (also known as mutational falsetto, functional falsetto, incomplete mutation, adolescent falsetto, or pubescent falsetto) is a functional voice disorder that is characterized by the habitual use of a high-pitched voice after puberty, hence why many refer to the disorder as resulting in a 'falsetto' voice. [1]
Inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that envelop the brain and the spinal cord; may cause hearing loss or deafness. Middle ear Part of the ear that includes the eardrum and three tiny bones of the middle ear, ending at the round window that leads to the inner ear. Misarticulation Innacurately produced speech sound (phoneme) or sounds.
Aphonia is defined as the inability to produce voiced sound. [1] This may result from damage, such as surgery (e.g., thyroidectomy) or a tumor., [2] or can be a result of psychological means. Aphonia means "no sound.” In other words, a person with this disorder has lost their voice and is unable to communicate vocally. [3]