Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Cyanide is unstable in water, but the reaction is slow until about 170 °C. It undergoes hydrolysis to give ammonia and formate, which are far less toxic than cyanide: [14] CN − + 2 H 2 O → HCO − 2 + NH 3. Cyanide hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction.
In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin reaction is an organic reaction in which an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) reacts with a cyanide anion (N≡C −) or a nitrile (−C≡N) to form a cyanohydrin (>C(OH)C≡N).
The most important industrial application is the nickel-catalyzed synthesis of adiponitrile (NC−(CH 2) 4 −CN) synthesis from buta-1,3-diene (CH 2 =CH−CH=CH 2).Adiponitrile is a precursor to hexamethylenediamine (H 2 N−(CH 2) 6 −NH 2), which is used for the production of certain kinds of Nylon.
The general formula is R 2 C(OH)CN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl. Cyanohydrins are industrially important precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids . Cyanohydrins can be formed by the cyanohydrin reaction , which involves treating a ketone or an aldehyde with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of excess amounts of sodium cyanide ...
Cyanogen is typically generated from cyanide compounds. One laboratory method entails thermal decomposition of mercuric cyanide: . 2 Hg(CN) 2 → (CN) 2 + Hg 2 (CN) 2 Or, one can combine solutions of copper(II) salts (such as copper(II) sulfate) with cyanides; an unstable copper(II) cyanide is formed which rapidly decomposes into copper(I) cyanide and cyanogen.
The last typically occurs through one of three mechanisms: The gas is directly released from canisters (e.g., as part of a pesticide, insecticide, or Zyklon B). It is generated on site by reacting potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide with sulfuric acid (e.g., in a modern American gas chamber).
One example is naphthylcyanamide, C 10 H 7 N(CH 3)CN, which has been produced by the von Braun reaction, [19] a general method for the conversion of tertiary amines to cyanamides using cyanogen bromide as reagent. [20] Alternatively, secondary amines can attack an aryl cyanate to give a carbamimidate; heating then eliminates the arenol to give ...
The cationic sodium ion, [Na] +, interacts with the anionic cyanoborohydride ion, [BH3(CN)] −. The anionic component of the salt is tetrahedral at the boron atom. The electron-withdrawing cyanide substituent draws electron density away from the negatively charged boron; thus, reducing the electrophilic capabilities of the anionic component. [ 2 ]