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If Horeb was the same mountain as Mount Sinai, then Beersheba should be closer to the mountain than the location of the plains of Moab. This strongly suggest a location somewhere more to the north or the east, places more familiar to the northern tribes than the deep southern Sinai.
Mount Sinai, showing the approach to Mount Sinai, 1839 painting by David Roberts, in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia. The biblical account of the giving of the instructions and teachings of the Ten Commandments was given in the Book of Exodus, primarily between chapters 19 and 24, during which Sinai is mentioned by name twice, in Exodus 19:2; 24:16.
However, Dr. Har-El was a geologist and he discusses in detail the geographic and environmental markers in Sinai, which do survive to the present day. He notes how they compare with the biblical account. Dr. Har-El gave nine main reasons why he believed the traditional location of Gabal Horeb (Gabal Musa) in southern Sinai was not Mount Sinai:
Mount Sinai (Hebrew: הַר סִינַי Har Sīnay; Aramaic: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ Ṭūrāʾ dəSīnăy; Coptic: Ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), also known as Jabal Musa (Arabic: جَبَل مُوسَىٰ, translation: Mountain of Moses), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.
Onomasticon, under Pharan, states: "(Now) a city beyond Arabia adjoining the desert of the Saracens [who wander in the desert] through which the children of Israel went moving (camp) from Sinai. Located (we say) beyond Arabia on the south, three days journey to the east of Aila (in the desert Pharan) where Scripture affirms Ismael dwelled ...
The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai (/ ˈ s aɪ n aɪ / SY-ny; Arabic: سِينَاء; Egyptian Arabic: سينا; Coptic: Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa.
Willow Peak or Ras es-Safsafeh (Arabic: رأس صفصافة) is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula. The mountain peak overlooks Saint Catherine's Monastery, and is situated approximately 1km to the west. [1] Christian tradition considers the mountain to be the biblical Mount Horeb. [2]
[edit] Etymology According to biblical scholars, Horeb is thought to mean Glowing/Heat;[1] this seems to be a reference to the sun, while Sinai is most likely to derive from the name of Sin, the semitic lunar deity.[1][2][3] and thus Sinai and Horeb would be the mountain of the moon and sun, respectively.[2][1] Some also show the Etymology of ...