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The enclosed helmet would have been worn over a mail coif, with additional padding circling the head to cushion the helmet and help absorb the force of any blow. [8] The helmet may have arisen from a need for greater facial protection in response to the penetrating power of couched lances used in the closely packed "conrois" formation, [ 9 ] or ...
The nasal helmet was characterised by a nose guard, or 'nasal', composed of a single strip of metal that extended down from the skull or browband over the nose to provide partial facial protection. This helmet appeared throughout Western Europe in the late 9th century, and became the predominant form of head protection until the enclosed helmet ...
French close helmet of the later split-visor type, c. 1555–1560. The close helmet or close helm is a type of combat helmet that was worn by knights and other men-at-arms in the Late Medieval and Renaissance eras. It was also used by some heavily armoured, pistol-armed cuirassiers into the mid-17th century.
The great helm ultimately evolved from the nasal helmet, which had been produced in a flat-topped variant with a square profile by about 1180. [3] From this type of helmet an intermediate type, called an 'enclosed helmet' or 'primitive great helm', developed near the end of the 12th century. In this helmet the expansion of the nasal produced a ...
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The armet reached the height of its popularity during the late 15th and early 16th centuries, when western European full plate armour had been perfected. The term armet was often applied in contemporary usage to any fully enclosing helmet, however, modern scholarship draws a distinction between the armet and the outwardly similar close helmet (or close helm) on the basis of their construction ...
The small skull cap evolved into a bigger true helmet, the bascinet, as it was lengthened downward to protect the back of the neck and the sides of the head. Additionally, several new forms of fully enclosed helmets were introduced in the late 14th century to replace the great helm, such as the sallet and barbute and later the armet and close helm.
A bowl helmet, steel helmet, or skullcap helmet is a combat helmet that covers just the top half, and sometimes also the back of, the head, akin to a half helmet. Some may also extend to the ears or nape, but in general, most of the head below the forehead, including the entire face and neck, is left visible and unprotected.