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The vinyl cation is a carbocation with the positive charge on an alkene carbon. Its empirical formula of the parent ion is C 2 H + 3.Vinyl cation are invoked as reactive intermediates in solvolysis of vinyl halides, [1] [2] as well as electrophilic addition to alkynes and allenes.
A carbocation is an ion with a positively charged carbon atom. Among the simplest examples are the methenium CH + 3, methanium CH + 5, acylium ions RCO +, and vinyl C 2 H + 3 cations. [2] Until the early 1970s, carbocations were called carbonium ions. [3]
Living cationic polymerization is a living polymerization technique involving cationic propagating species. [1] [2] It enables the synthesis of very well defined polymers (low molar mass distribution) and of polymers with unusual architecture such as star polymers and block copolymers and living cationic polymerization is therefore as such of commercial and academic interest.
In 1984, Higashimura and Sawamoto reported the first living cationic polymerization for alkyl vinyl ethers. This type of polymerization has allowed for the control of well-defined polymers. A key characteristic of living cationic polymerization is that termination is essentially eliminated, thus the cationic chain growth continues until all ...
Vinyl cation, a type of carbocation; Vinyl group, a broad class of organic molecules in chemistry; Vinyl polymer, a group of polymers derived from vinyl monomers;
In organic chemistry, vinylation is the process of attaching a vinyl group (CH 2 =CH−) to a substrate. Many organic compounds contain vinyl groups, so the process has attracted significant interest, especially since the reaction scope includes substituted vinyl groups. The reactions can be classified according to the source of the vinyl group.
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A carbocation may be stabilized by resonance by a carbon–carbon double bond or by the lone pair of a heteroatom adjacent to the ionized carbon. The allyl cation CH 2 =CH−CH + 2 and benzyl cation C 6 H 5 −CH + 2 are more stable than most other carbenium ions due to donation of electron density from π systems to the cationic center. [ 20 ]