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Fitch's paradox of knowability is a puzzle of epistemic logic. It provides a challenge to the knowability thesis, which states that every truth is, in principle, knowable. The paradox states that this assumption implies the omniscience principle, which asserts that every truth is known. Essentially, Fitch's paradox asserts that the existence of ...
At the end of the article there's a part that introduces a rule C' to replace C, and this is claimed to restore the paradox: "There is an unknown, but knowable truth, and it is knowable that there is an unknown, but knowable truth." The article needs to show this in an example which ordinary people can follow to see whether the claim stacks up.
Fitch's paradox: If all truths are knowable, then all truths must in fact be known. Paradox of free will : If God knows in advance what a person will decide, how can there be free will? Goodman's paradox : Why can induction be used to confirm that things are "green", but not to confirm that things are "grue"?
A version of the paradox occurs already in chapter 9 of Thomas Bradwardine’s Insolubilia. [1] In the wake of the modern discussion of the paradoxes of self-reference, the paradox has been rediscovered (and dubbed with its current name) by the US logicians and philosophers David Kaplan and Richard Montague, [2] and is now considered an important paradox in the area. [3]
Speculation about what is knowable and unknowable has been part of the philosophical tradition since the inception of philosophy. In particular, Baruch Spinoza's Theory of Attributes [2] argues that a human's finite mind cannot understand infinite substance; accordingly, infinite substance, as it is in itself, is in-principle unknowable to the finite mind.
Nvidia (NASDAQ: NVDA) and other AI stocks plunged on Monday, Jan. 27, as investors responded to the threat from DeepSeek, the Chinese AI chatbot that rivals top models like ChatGPT for a fraction ...
[1] [2] Diogenes Laërtius, citing Favorinus, says that Zeno's teacher Parmenides was the first to introduce the paradox of Achilles and the tortoise. But in a later passage, Laërtius attributes the origin of the paradox to Zeno, explaining that Favorinus disagrees. [3] Modern academics attribute the paradox to Zeno. [1] [2]
In another class, he filled out a worksheet asking him to identify his favorite color and other favorite things that might help him relate to other addicts. Despite the story the records tell of Patrick’s generally happy disposition and his willingness to role-play his way to sobriety, he still hadn’t shed the self-doubt he had carried with ...