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United States dollar: No central bank; uses the United States dollar as its domestic currency Palestine* Palestine Monetary Authority: سلطة النقد الفلسطينية: 1994 Panama: United States dollar: No central bank; uses the United States dollar as its domestic currency, and the Panamanian balboa pegged to the U.S. dollar Papua New ...
Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) and state-level bank supervisors ; National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and state-level insurance supervisors; Uruguay: Central Bank of Uruguay ; Superintendencia de Servicios Financieros (SSF) Uzbekistan: Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Vanuatu
Country or currency union Central bank interest rate (%) Change Effective date of last change Average inflation rate 2017–2021 (%) by WB and IMF [1] [2] as in the List Central bank interest rate
Central bank independence indices allow a quantitative analysis of central bank independence for individual countries over time. One central bank independence index is the Garriga CBI, [94] where a higher index indicates higher central bank independence, shown below for individual countries.
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C. National Bank of Cambodia; Bank of Canada; Bank of Cape Verde; Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean; Cayman Islands Monetary Authority; Bank of Central African States
Central banks can buy or sell foreign currency to influence exchange rates directly. For example, if a currency is depreciating, a central bank can sell its reserves in foreign currency to buy its own currency, creating demand and helping to stabilize its value. High levels of reserves instill confidence among investors and traders.
The names attributed to the management entities may include state-owned (federal, state and provincial) central banks, national monetary authorities, official investment companies, sovereign oil funds, pension funds, among others. Some countries may have more than one SWF. In the United States, several states have their own SWFs.