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Mill scale. Mill scale, often shortened to just scale, is the flaky surface of hot rolled steel, consisting of the mixed iron oxides iron (II) oxide (FeO, wüstite), iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3, hematite), and iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4, magnetite). Mill scale is formed on the outer surfaces of plates, sheets or profiles when they are produced by ...
Magnetite is one of the very few minerals that is ferrimagnetic; it is attracted by a magnet as shown here. Unit cell of magnetite. The gray spheres are oxygen, green are divalent iron, blue are trivalent iron. Also shown are an iron atom in an octahedral space (light blue) and another in a tetrahedral space (gray).
The Mohs scale (/ moʊz / MOHZ) of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale, from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material. The scale was introduced in 1812 by the German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs, in his book Versuch einer Elementar-Methode ...
The term Planck scale refers to quantities of space, time, energy and other units that are similar in magnitude to corresponding Planck units. This region may be characterized by particle energies of around 10 19 GeV or 10 9 J , time intervals of around 5 × 10 −44 s and lengths of around 10 −35 m (approximately the energy-equivalent of the ...
The Shore durometer is a device for measuring the hardness of a material, typically of polymers. [ 1 ] Higher numbers on the scale indicate a greater resistance to indentation and thus harder materials. Lower numbers indicate less resistance and softer materials. The term is also used to describe a material's rating on the scale, as in an ...
Ironsand. Iron sand from Phoenix, Arizona, attracted to a magnet. Ironsand, also known as iron-sand or iron sand, is a type of sand with heavy concentrations of iron. It is typically dark grey or blackish in color. It is composed mainly of magnetite, Fe 3 O 4, and also contains small amounts of titanium, silica, manganese, calcium and vanadium.
The teaspoon, tablespoon, and cup are defined in terms of a fluid ounce as 1 ⁄ 6, 1 ⁄ 2, and 8 fluid ounces respectively. The fluid ounce derives its name originally from being the volume of one ounce avoirdupois of water, [citation needed] but in the US it is defined as 1 ⁄ 128 of a US gallon. Consequently, a fluid ounce of water weighs ...
The Vickers test can be used for all metals and has one of the widest scales among hardness tests. The unit of hardness given by the test is known as the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) or Diamond Pyramid Hardness (DPH). The hardness number can be converted into units of pascals, but should not be confused with pressure, which uses the same units.