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The Akali movement / ə ˈ k ɑː l i /, also called the Gurdwara Reform Movement, was a campaign to bring reform in the gurdwaras (the Sikh places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of ...
The Babbar Akali movement was a 1921 splinter group of "militant" Sikhs who broke away from the mainstream Akali movement over the latter's insistence on non-violence over the matter of the restoration of Khalsa Raj (Sikh rule) in Punjab as under the prior Sikh Empire [9] as well as gurdwara reforms in restoring pre-colonial gurdwara environments.
Between 140 [2] and 260 [3] Sikhs were killed, including children, by the Udasi Custodian Narayan Das and his mercenaries, [4] in retaliation for a confrontation between him and members of the reformist Akali movement, who accused him of both corruption and sexual impropriety.
Sunder Singh was born in 1878 into a Kamboj farmer's family in Village Bohoru in Amritsar.His father's name was Lakhmir Singh Sandha and his mother's was Ram Kaur. During the colonization of Bars, the Sandha family, along with many others, moved to Sheikhupura District (now in Pakistan) where they were allotted lands in the new Bar Chenab colony currently known as Faisalabad.
Kishan Singh Gargaj [1] (1886-1926) was an Indian revolutionary from Punjab and was one of the founders of the Babbar Akali movement. Known mainly for his martyrdom for the cause of the movement, he was one of the renowned martyrs in the Babbar Akali movement. [2]
Prior to 1925, a large proportion of the gurdwaras in India were under the control of clergy of the Udasi denomination of Sikhism. The Udasi differed from their mainline Sikh congregants, and due to differences in theology (such as syncretic Hindu practices) as well as some instances of malfeasance were seen as allowing or committing behaviours unsuitable for a gurdwara.
On the night of 31 August 1923, a group of 18 Babbar Akalis in Babeli village took shelter in the house of their associate Shiv Singh Chahal. [1] Anup Singh, one of the Babbars, betrayed them; he told the British colonial police to destroy all of the party's ammunition with the exception of the gun Karam Singh carried with him. [2]
The Akali Dal considers itself the principal representative of Sikhs. Sardar Sarmukh Singh Chubbal was the first president of a unified proper Akali Dal, but it became popular under Master Tara Singh. [25] Akali movement influenced 30 new Punjabi newspapers launched between 1920 and 1925. [26]