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The Akali movement / ə ˈ k ɑː l i /, also called the Gurdwara Reform Movement, was a campaign to bring reform in the gurdwaras (the Sikh places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of ...
The Babbar Akali movement was a 1921 splinter group of "militant" Sikhs who broke away from the mainstream Akali movement over the latter's insistence on non-violence over the matter of the restoration of Khalsa Raj (Sikh rule) in Punjab as under the prior Sikh Empire [9] as well as gurdwara reforms in restoring pre-colonial gurdwara environments.
Sunder Singh Lyallpuri (1878 – 3 March 1969) was a leading Sikh member of the Indian independence movement, a general of the Akali Movement, an educationist, and a journalist. Lyallpuri played a key role in the development of the Shiromani Akali Dal and in the Gurdwara Reform Movement of the early 1920s.
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party [19]) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India , after Congress , being founded in 1920.
Prior to 1925, a large proportion of the gurdwaras in India were under the control of clergy of the Udasi denomination of Sikhism. The Udasi differed from their mainline Sikh congregants, and due to differences in theology (such as syncretic Hindu practices) as well as some instances of malfeasance were seen as allowing or committing behaviours unsuitable for a gurdwara.
Photograph of Mahant Narayan Das, the last Udasi custodian of Nankana Sahib and accused perpetrator of the Nankana massacre. At the time of the massacre, there was a growing demand in Sikhism that the traditional hereditary custodians hand over their control of the gurdwaras to democratically elected committees.
Lindsay Clancy, the Massachusetts mother accused of strangling her three young children to death before attempting to kill herself, is seeking an insanity defense, court records show.
On the night of 31 August 1923, a group of 18 Babbar Akalis in Babeli village took shelter in the house of their associate Shiv Singh Chahal. [1] Anup Singh, one of the Babbars, betrayed them; he told the British colonial police to destroy all of the party's ammunition with the exception of the gun Karam Singh carried with him. [2]