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In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (/ ˈ r aɪ z oʊ m / RY-zohm) [note 1] is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. [3] Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow horizontally. The rhizome also retains the ability to allow new shoots ...
The axillary buds begin developing when they are exposed to less auxin, for example if the plant naturally has weak apical dominance, if apical dominance is broken by removing the terminal bud, or if the terminal bud has grown far enough away for the auxin to have less of an effect. [2] Example of an axillary bud.
Adventitious buds develop from places other than a shoot apical meristem, which occurs at the tip of a stem, or on a shoot node, at the leaf axil, the bud being left there during primary growth. They may develop on roots or leaves, or on shoots as a new growth. Shoot apical meristems produce one or more axillary or lateral buds at each node.
In a bud or flower bud, the relative arrangement of the sepals or petals of each flower whorl is called vernation. This arrangement must be observed in the flower bud because in the fully open flower the floral parts are often so far separated from each other that the vernation cannot be determined. There are six main types of vernation.
Latent bud – an axillary bud whose development is inhibited, sometimes for many years, due to the influence of apical and other buds. Also known as a dormant bud. Leaf bud – a bud that produces a leafy shoot. Mixed – buds that have both embryonic flowers and leaves. Naked – Pseudoterminal – Reproductive – buds with embryonic flowers ...
The term is usable as a synonym of resting, but is better employed for buds waiting undeveloped for years, for example epicormic buds; pseudoterminal , for an axillary bud taking over the function of a terminal bud (characteristic of species whose growth is sympodial : terminal bud dies and is replaced by the closer axillary bud, for examples ...
The nodes are the eyes and each has a leaf scar. The nodes or eyes are arranged around the tuber in a spiral fashion beginning on the end opposite the attachment point to the stolon. The terminal bud is produced at the farthest point away from the stolon attachment and tubers, and thus show the same apical dominance as a normal stem.
The roots are modified to have root hairs and branch indiscriminately with cells that take in water and nutrients, while the stems are modified to move water and nutrients to and from the leaves and flowers. [8] [9] [10] Stems have nodes with buds where leaves and flowers arise at
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