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The greatest common divisor (GCD) of integers a and b, at least one of which is nonzero, is the greatest positive integer d such that d is a divisor of both a and b; that is, there are integers e and f such that a = de and b = df, and d is the largest such integer.
A perfect power has a common divisor m > 1 for all multiplicities (it is of the form a m for some a > 1 and m > 1). The first: 4, 8, 9, 16, 25, 27, 32, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 (sequence A001597 in the OEIS). 1 is sometimes included. A powerful number (also called squareful) has multiplicity above 1 for all prime factors.
Calculating a greatest common divisor is an essential step in several integer factorization algorithms, [80] such as Pollard's rho algorithm, [81] Shor's algorithm, [82] Dixon's factorization method [83] and the Lenstra elliptic curve factorization. [84]
d() is the number of positive divisors of n, including 1 and n itself; σ() is the sum of the positive divisors of n, including 1 and n itselfs() is the sum of the proper divisors of n, including 1 but not n itself; that is, s(n) = σ(n) − n
The problem that we are trying to solve is: given an odd composite number, find its integer factors. To achieve this, Shor's algorithm consists of two parts: A classical reduction of the factoring problem to the problem of order-finding.
The length of an interval of consecutive integers with property that every element has a factor in common with one of the endpoints. A059756: Sierpinski numbers: 78557, 271129, 271577, 322523, 327739, 482719, 575041, 603713, 903983, 934909, ... Odd k for which { k⋅2 n + 1 : n ∈ } consists only of composite numbers. A076336
Lowest common factor may refer to the following mathematical terms: Greatest common divisor, also known as the greatest common factor; Least common multiple;
The greatest common divisor is not unique: if d is a GCD of p and q, then the polynomial f is another GCD if and only if there is an invertible element u of F such that = and =. In other words, the GCD is unique up to the multiplication by an invertible constant.