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Interior of a Boeing/Stearman PT-17 showing small channel section stringers. In engineering, a longeron or stringer is a load-bearing component of a framework. The term is commonly used in connection with aircraft fuselages and automobile chassis. Longerons are used in conjunction with stringers to form structural frameworks. [1]
The "former-and-longeron" technique (also called stations and stringers) was adopted from boat construction, [2] and was typical of light aircraft built until the advent of structural skins, such as fiberglass and other composite materials. Many of today's light aircraft, and homebuilt aircraft [3] in particular, are still designed in this way.
The front fuselage was built on four tubular longerons, but from leading edge rearwards it consisted of a set of oval formers with stringers. [1] The greatest novelty of the P.10 was that this part of the fuselage was not only a monocoque structure (still fairly unusual at the time), but a monocoque of steel with a load-bearing plastic skin ...
The British ARV Super2 light aircraft has a fuselage constructed mainly of aluminium alloy, but with some fibreglass elements. The cockpit is a stiff monocoque of "Supral" alloy, but aft of the cockpit bulkhead, the ARV is conventionally built, with frames, longerons and stressed skin forming a semi-monocoque.
Aircraft utilizing three or more spars are considered multi-spar aircraft. Using multiple spars allows for an equivalent overall strength of wing, but with multiple, smaller, spars, which in turn allow for a thinner wing or tail structure (at a cost of increased complexity and difficulty of packaging additional equipment such as fuel tanks ...
The tail boom uses conventional semi-monocoque construction, supported by closely spaced notched channel-section frames and continuous stringers, absent of any major longitudinal sections or longerons. The cranked section carrying the tail rotor and trim plane is more robust, strengthened by a solid-web spar, frames, and stiffeners. [7]
Chined fuselage of an SR-71 Blackbird The front view of the A-12 showing forebody shaped into chines Chines visible on the Northrop YF-23. In aircraft design, a chine is a longitudinal line of sharp change in the cross-section profile of the fuselage or similar body.
A composite aircraft is made up of multiple component craft. It takes off and flies initially as a single aircraft, with the components able to separate in flight and continue as independent aircraft. [1] Typically the larger aircraft acts as a carrier aircraft or mother ship, with the smaller sometimes called a parasite or jockey craft. [2]