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The Hepburn Act is a 1906 United States federal law that expanded the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and gave it the power to set maximum railroad rates. This led to the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers. [ 1 ]
The main role of the Bureau was to study and report on industry, looking especially for monopolistic practices. Its 1906 report on petroleum transportation made recommendations that became part of the Hepburn Act of 1906, and was used when the Justice Department successfully prosecuted and broke up Standard Oil in 1911.
Hepburn was born in Wellsville, Ohio and raised from the age of seven in Iowa City, Iowa.His schooling was limited to a few months in an Iowa City academy. [3] The great-grandson of Revolutionary War officer, printer, and congressman Matthew Lyon, and the great-great-grandson of Thomas Chittenden, the first Governor of Vermont, he was first engaged as an apprentice printer, before studying law.
The Hepburn Act of 1906 strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission; prior to that, the commission had minimal resources to carry out its duties. Under the Immunity of Witnesses Act (1906) corporate officials could no longer make a plea of immunity to avoid testifying in cases which dealt with the illegal activities of their corporations. [61]
1906 – Pure Food and Drug Act and Federal Meat Inspection Act; 1906 – Hepburn Act; 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt negotiates Treaty of Portsmouth, receives Nobel Peace Prize; Teddy Roosevelt, the Bull Moose, led American progressives in the early 20th century. 1906 – San Francisco earthquake; 1907 – Oklahoma becomes a state; 1907 ...
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Railroad historians mark the 1906 Hepburn Act that gave the ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates as a damaging blow to the long-term profitability and growth of railroads. [168] After 1910 the lines faced an emerging trucking industry to compete with for freight, and automobiles and buses to compete for passenger service. [77]: 348–64
Ida Minerva Tarbell (November 5, 1857 – January 6, 1944) was an American writer, investigative journalist, biographer, and lecturer.She was one of the leading muckrakers and reformers of the Progressive Era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was a pioneer of investigative journalism.