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  2. Binary-to-text encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding

    Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text ...

  3. Character encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding

    A code point is a value or position of a character in a coded character set. [10] A code space is the range of numerical values spanned by a coded character set. [10] [12] A code unit is the minimum bit combination that can represent a character in a character encoding (in computer science terms, it is the word size of the character encoding).

  4. ASCII - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII

    ASCII (/ ˈ æ s k iː / ⓘ ASS-kee), [3]: 6 an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. . ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devic

  5. Basic Latin (Unicode block) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Latin_(Unicode_block)

    The block contains all the letters and control codes of the ASCII encoding. It ranges from U+0000 to U+007F, contains 128 characters and includes the C0 controls, ASCII punctuation and symbols, ASCII digits, both the uppercase and lowercase of the English alphabet and a control character.

  6. Code point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_point

    Code points are commonly used in character encoding, where a code point is a numerical value that maps to a specific character.In character encoding code points usually represent a single grapheme—usually a letter, digit, punctuation mark, or whitespace—but sometimes represent symbols, control characters, or formatting. [4]

  7. Unicode character property - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_character_property

    A Unicode character is assigned a unique Name (na). [1] The name is composed of uppercase letters A–Z, digits 0–9, hyphen-minus and space.Some sequences are excluded: names beginning with a space or hyphen, names ending with a space or hyphen, repeated spaces or hyphens, and space after hyphen are not allowed.

  8. Luhn mod N algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_mod_N_algorithm

    The mapping of characters to code-points and back can be implemented in a number of ways. The simplest approach (akin to the original Luhn algorithm) is to use ASCII code arithmetic. For example, given an input set of 0 to 9, the code-point can be calculated by subtracting the ASCII code for '0' from the ASCII code of the desired character. The ...

  9. Combining character - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_character

    For example, U+0364 is an e written above the preceding letter, to be used for New High German umlaut notation, such as uͤ for Modern German ü. Combining Diacritical Marks Extended [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)