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Cirsium horridulum is a biennial herb up to 250 centimetres (100 in) tall, with a large taproot and fleshy side roots that sometimes sprout new shoots. Leaves are up to 40 centimetres (16 in) long with thick, sharp spines along the edges.
The following species in the flowering plant genus Cirsium, the plume thistles, are accepted by Plants of the World Online. [1] A 2022 molecular study reassigned many species to other genera, but Cirsium remains a speciose genus. [ 2 ]
They can spread by seed, and also by rhizomes below the surface (Cirsium arvense). The seeds have a tuft of hair, or pappus , which can carry them far by wind. Cirsium thistles are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species—see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Cirsium.
Cirsium silvaticum Tausch Cirsium vulgare , the spear thistle , bull thistle , or common thistle , is a species of the Asteraceae genus Cirsium , native throughout most of Europe (north to 66°N, locally 68°N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwestern Africa ( Atlas Mountains ).
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For example, Cirsium heterophyllum has very soft spines while Cirsium spinosissimum is the opposite. [2] Typically, species adapted to dry environments are more spiny. The term thistle is sometimes taken to mean precisely those plants in the tribe Cardueae (synonym: Cynareae), [3] especially the genera Carduus, Cirsium, and Onopordum. [4]
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The Institute of Plant Industry was established in 1921 in Leningrad by Nikolai Vavilov who set about to create the world's first and largest collection of plant seeds. . Already in 1916 he did his first collection trip abroad, to Iran, and by 1932 he had collected seeds from almost every country in the world, which by 1933 had made the institute the largest seed bank in the world, with more ...