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  2. List of writing systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_writing_systems

    Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.

  3. Phoneme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme

    All known languages use only a small subset of the many possible sounds that the human speech organs can produce, and, because of allophony, the number of distinct phonemes will generally be smaller than the number of identifiably different sounds. Different languages vary considerably in the number of phonemes they have in their systems ...

  4. Phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

    Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...

  5. Phonogram (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonogram_(linguistics)

    A phonogram is a grapheme i.e. one or more written characters which represent a phoneme (speech sound), [1] rather than a bigger linguistic unit such as morphemes or words. [2] For example, "igh" is an English-language phonogram that represents the / aɪ / sound in "high".

  6. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English. Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation , both historically and from dialect to dialect . In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system.

  7. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech . [ 1 ]

  8. English orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography

    As a result, there is a somewhat regular system of pronouncing "foreign" words in English, [citation needed] and some borrowed words have had their spelling changed to conform to this system. For example, Hindu used to be spelled Hindoo, and the name Maria used to be pronounced like the name Mariah, but was changed to conform to this system ...

  9. Spelling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelling

    The fundamental principles of the Spanish orthography are phonological and etymological, that is why there are several letters with identical phonemes. [20] Beginning from the 17th century, various options for orthographic reforms were suggested that would create a one-to-one correspondence between grapheme and phoneme, but all of them were ...