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A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
MafA is a β cell-specific activator, which differentiates it from other transcription factors involved with insulin gene expression. [11] It helps regulate the β cells involved with insulin secretion primarily by maintaining β cell metabolism. [12] The amount of MafA in the β cells is regulated by levels of glucose and oxidative stress. [6]
The S 0.5 and h result in an inflection of the curve enzyme activity as a function of glucose concentration at about 4 mM. [15] In other words, at a glucose concentration of about 72 mg/dL, which is near the low end of the normal range, glucokinase activity is most sensitive to small changes in glucose concentration.
Illustration of an activator. In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ or PPARG), also known as the glitazone reverse insulin resistance receptor, or NR1C3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3) is a type II nuclear receptor functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the PPARG gene.
A transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences (enhancer or promoter), either alone or with other proteins in a complex, to control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA by promoting (serving as an activator) or blocking (serving as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA polymerase.
The activator bound coactivator recruits RNA polymerase and other transcription machinery that then begins transcribing the target gene. A coactivator is a type of transcriptional coregulator that binds to an activator (a transcription factor) to increase the rate of transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1]
The liver X receptor (LXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and is closely related to nuclear receptors such as the PPARs, FXR and RXR. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are important regulators of cholesterol , fatty acid , and glucose homeostasis .