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Free diving to extreme depth. It can be avoided by limiting free diving depth to capacity of lungs to compensate, [35] and by training exercises to increase compliance of chest cavity. [citation needed] Rupture or supply pressure failure of a surface supply hose with simultaneous failure of the non-return valve. [35]
Scuba diving fatalities – Deaths occurring while scuba diving or as a consequence of scuba diving; Stand-by diver – A member of a dive team who is ready to assist or rescue the working diver; Underwater diving emergencies – Situations that endanger the life or health of a diver; Underwater environment – Aquatic or submarine environment
Exposure to increased partial pressure of oxygen during diving can raise the level of oxidative stress in which increased production of free radicals can occur. The combined influence of diving-related factors on free radical production and the long-term effects on diver resilience and health are not yet understood. Diving, and other forms of ...
The primary goal of dive planning, diver training and diving skills and procedures is to prevent and avoid diving emergencies. A significant part of diving equipment is also used for this purpose, and designed to further this goal. In general diving emergencies are prevented by: [9]
Providing emergency gas to a diver who has run out is the highest priority after finding the diver. Without breathing gas the diver will die in minutes. Running out of gas is a major contributor to diving accidents. Many scuba accidents start in some other way and culminate in running out of gas.
The next stage of the cascade/sequence is an incapacitating injury, which prevents the diver from further efforts to control the incident, most commonly asphyxia, followed by the official cause of death as the final stage. In freediving and scuba diving this is usually found to be drowning. [103]
The procedures vary depending on whether the diver is using scuba or surface supplied equipment. Scuba divers control their own descent and ascent rate, while surface supplied divers may control their own ascents and descents, or be lowered and lifted by the surface team, either by their umbilical, or on a diving stage, or in a diving bell.
Many signs and symptoms are common to both maladies, and it may be difficult to diagnose the actual problem. The dive history can be useful to distinguish which is more probable, but it is possible for both components to manifest at the same time following some dive profiles.