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Resolution in the context of structural biology is the ability to distinguish the presence or absence of atoms or groups of atoms in a biomolecular structure. Usually, the structure originates from methods such as X-ray crystallography , electron crystallography , or cryo-electron microscopy .
An X-ray microscopy image of a living 10-days-old canola plant [1]. An X-ray microscope uses electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray band to produce magnified images of objects. . Since X-rays penetrate most objects, there is no need to specially prepare them for X-ray microscopy observatio
XPS physics - the photoelectric effect.. Because the energy of an X-ray with particular wavelength is known (for Al K α X-rays, E photon = 1486.7 eV), and because the emitted electrons' kinetic energies are measured, the electron binding energy of each of the emitted electrons can be determined by using the photoelectric effect equation,
The photon-in-photon-out process may be thought of as a scattering event. When the x-ray energy corresponds to the binding energy of a core-level electron, this scattering process is resonantly enhanced by many orders of magnitude. This type of X-ray emission spectroscopy is often referred to as resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS).
A powder X-ray diffractometer in motion. X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
The first X-ray diffraction experiment was conducted in 1912 by Max von Laue, [7] while electron diffraction was first realized in 1927 in the Davisson–Germer experiment [8] and parallel work by George Paget Thomson and Alexander Reid. [9] These developed into the two main branches of crystallography, X-ray crystallography and electron ...
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, EDXS or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA or EDAX) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. It relies on an interaction of some source of X-ray excitation and ...
These pixel sizes have also resulted in creation of its synonyms high-resolution X-ray tomography, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT or μCT), and similar terms. Sometimes the terms high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and micro-CT are differentiated, [ 3 ] but in other cases the term high-resolution micro-CT is used. [ 4 ]