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1749 – Jardín Botánico (garden) founded (approximate date). 1778 – "Colonial monopoly of the Port of Cádiz with the American colonies is abolished." [7] 1787 – Population: 71,080. 1797 – June: British Assault on Cádiz; Spaniards win. [3] 1800 – Bombarded by Nelson. [3] 1810 February: French Siege of Cádiz begins. [3]
Founded as Gadir or Agadir by Phoenicians from Tyre, [16] [17] [18] Cádiz is often regarded as the most ancient city still standing in Western Europe. [19] The city was an important trading hub founded to access different metals including gold, tin, and especially silver. [6] The Phoenicians established a port in the 7th century BC. [20]
From the time of its founding, Puerto Real's prosperity was closely tied to the fortunes of these other Atlantic ports, especially Cádiz, which soon grew rich from its commerce with America. In 1820, there was a popular liberal revolt in Spain, led by the constitutionalist and patriot, Rafael del Riego y Nunez (1785–1823), that sought to ...
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The former Casa Lonja (right), built for it by Philip II and today the Archivo General de Indias, next to the Cathedral of Seville. The Consulado de mercaderes was the Spanish merchant guild, founded in Seville, the sole port for Spain's overseas trade in the 16th and 17th centuries, until the official port was relocated to Cadiz, following the Treaty of Utrecht.
The Cortes of Cádiz was seen then, and by historians today, as a major step towards liberalism and democracy in the history of Spain and Spanish America. The liberal Cortes drafted and ratified the Spanish Constitution of 1812 , which established a constitutional monarchy and eliminated many institutions that privileged some groups over others.
The flow of precious metals made many traders wealthy, both in Spain and abroad. As a result of the discovery of precious metals in Spanish America, Spain's money supply increased tenfold. [16] The increase in gold and silver on the Iberian market caused high inflation in the 17th century, affecting the Spanish economy. [17]
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