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The EEG in childhood generally has slower frequency oscillations than the adult EEG. The normal EEG also varies depending on state. The EEG is used along with other measurements (EOG, EMG) to define sleep stages in polysomnography. Stage I sleep (equivalent to drowsiness in some systems) appears on the EEG as drop-out of the posterior basic rhythm.
Electrode locations of International 10-20 system for encephalography recording. The 10–20 system or International 10–20 system is an internationally recognized method to describe and apply the location of scalp electrodes in the context of an EEG exam, polysomnograph sleep study, or voluntary lab research.
The analog signal comprises a microvoltage time series of the EEG, sampled digitally and sampling rates adequate to over-sample the signal (using the Nyquist principle of exceeding twice the highest frequency being detected). Modern EEG amplifiers use adequate sampling to resolve the EEG across the traditional medical band from DC to 70 or 100 ...
The American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology certifies in electroencephalography (EEG), Evoked Potentials (EP), Polysomnography (PSG), Epilepsy Monitoring, and Neurologic Intraoperative Monitoring (NIOM). [12] In the US physicians typically specialize in EEG or EDX medicine but not both. [citation needed]
A comparison of an awake, resting (with activity), normal EEG with a hypsarrhythmia EEG. The hypsarrhythmia EEG is from a 4-month old girl with cryptogenic West syndrome. In it high amplitude waves and spikes are present, randomly appearing and with no topographical distribution identified; also, there is no frequency nor amplitude gradient ...
Disruptions or irregularities to the normal sleep cycle or sleep stage transitions can be detected; for example a hypnogram can show that in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) the stability of transition between REM and NREM stages is disrupted. [10] The effects of certain medications on sleep architecture can be visualised on a hypnogram.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) or intraoperative neuromonitoring is the use of electrophysiological methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and evoked potentials to monitor the functional integrity of certain neural structures (e.g., nerves, spinal cord and parts of the brain) during surgery.
The sample of human EEG with prominent alpha-rhythm in occipital sites Alpha waves were discovered by German neurologist Hans Berger , the inventor of the EEG itself. Alpha waves were among the first waves documented by Berger, along with beta waves , and he displayed an interest in "alpha blockage", the process by which alpha waves decrease ...