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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in early childhood. ADHD affects 8 to 11% of children in the school going age. [citation needed] ADHD is characterised by significant levels of hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness.
ICD-10 [10] DSM-IV-TR [11] ICD-11 [12] Specific developmental disorders of speech and language (F80): Specific speech articulation disorder (F80.0) Expressive language disorder (F80.1) Receptive language disorder (F80.2) Acquired aphasia with epilepsy Landau–Kleffner syndrome (F80.3) Other developmental disorders of speech and language (F80.8)
The DSM-5 and the ICD-10 are both used to make specific diagnostic decisions. Speech and language disorders commonly include communication issues, but also extend into various areas such as oral-motor function—sucking, swallowing, drinking, or eating. In some cases, a child's communication is delayed considerably behind his/her same-aged peers.
This list features both the added and removed subtypes. Also, 22 ICD-9-CM codes were updated. [2] The ICD codes stated in the first column are those from the DSM-IV-TR. The ones that were updated are marked yellow – the older ICD codes from the DSM-IV are stated in the third column.
Expressive language disorder is one of the "specific developmental disorders of speech and language" recognized by the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). As of the eleventh edition (ICD-11, current 1 January 2022), it is considered to be covered by the various categories of developmental language disorder .
312.9 Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS: This category includes disorders similar to conduct or oppositional defiant behaviors but do not meet the diagnostic criteria for either disorder, yet the impairment is clinically significant and causes significant impairment in the individual's life.
Therefore, it may have been possible for an individual to have communication challenges but not meet the criteria of being "substantially below" criteria of the DSM IV-TR. The DSM diagnoses did not comprise a complete list of all communication disorders, for example, auditory processing disorder is not classified under the DSM or ICD-10. [8]
The term developmental language disorder (DLD) was endorsed in a consensus study involving a panel of experts (CATALISE Consortium) in 2017. [3] The study was conducted in response to concerns that a wide range of terminology was used in this area, with the consequence that there was poor communication, lack of public recognition, and in some cases children were denied access to services.