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β-Endorphin (beta-endorphin) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. [1] It is one of three endorphins that are produced in humans, the others of which include α-endorphin and γ-endorphin .
Endorphins (contracted from endogenous morphine) [1] [2] [3] are peptides produced in the brain that block the perception of pain and increase feelings of wellbeing.
There are three well-characterized families of opioid peptides produced by the body: enkephalins, β-endorphin, and dynorphins.The met-enkephalin peptide sequence is coded for by the enkephalin gene; the leu-enkephalin peptide sequence is coded for by both the enkephalin gene and the dynorphin gene. [3]
The POMC gene codes for endogenous opioids such as β-endorphin and γ-endorphin. [3] The human gene for the enkephalins was isolated and its sequence described in 1982. [4] The human gene for dynorphins (originally called the "Enkephalin B" gene because of sequence similarity to the enkephalin gene) was isolated and its sequence described in ...
β-Lipotropin can be cleaved into smaller peptides. In humans, γ-lipotropin, β-MSH, and β-endorphin, are all possible fragments of β-lipotropin. [2] β-endorphin is the predominant opioid of the anterior human and rat pituitary gland. Birdsall and Hulme demonstrated that the C-fragment of lipotropin (β-endorphin) has a high affinity for ...
Prodynorphin, also known as proenkephalin B, is an opioid polypeptide hormone involved with chemical signal transduction and cell communication. The gene for prodynorphin is expressed in the endometrium and the striatum , and its gene map locus is 20pter-p12.
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Beta-Endorphin is a relatively well-known example of a peptide neurotransmitter because it engages in highly specific interactions with opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Single ions (such as synaptically released zinc ) are also considered neurotransmitters by some, [ 40 ] as well as some gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide (NO ...