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  2. Instrument flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules

    The weather is considered to be MVFR or IMC when it does not meet the minimum requirements for visual meteorological conditions (VMC). To operate safely in IMC ("actual instrument conditions"), a pilot controls the aircraft relying on flight instruments and ATC provides separation. [12] It is important not to confuse IFR with IMC.

  3. Visual meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_meteorological...

    VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US. In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.

  4. Performance and weather minima - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_and_weather_minima

    Performance and weather minima generally relates to the worst conditions and lowest performance in which operations can be permitted. Performance is dependant both on weather and on the altitude of an airfield.

  5. Instrument meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_meteorological...

    A pilot's view of the runway just before landing in thick fog at night. In aviation, instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) are weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to flight instruments, and therefore under instrument flight rules (IFR), as opposed to flying by outside visual references under visual flight rules (VFR).

  6. Visual flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules

    Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minima, i.e., in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), as specified in the rules of the relevant aviation authority. The pilot must be able to operate the aircraft with visual reference to the ground, and by visually avoiding obstructions and other aircraft.

  7. VFR over-the-top - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFR_Over-The-Top

    The flight visibility at the cruising altitude of the aircraft must be at least 5 miles and the weather at the destination aerodrome must be forecast to have a sky condition of scattered cloud or better, a ground visibility of 5 miles or greater with no forecast of precipitation, fog, thunderstorm or blowing snow, and that these conditions must ...

  8. Instrument rating in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_Rating_in_the...

    Candidates for the instrument rating must be knowledgeable in IFR-related items in the AIM, the U.S. ATC system and procedures, IFR navigation, the use of IFR charts, aviation weather, requirements for operating under IFR conditions, recognition of critical weather, Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) and Crew Resource Management (CRM).

  9. Pilot report - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_report

    A pilot report or PIREP is a report of actual flight or ground conditions encountered by an aircraft.Reports commonly include information about atmospheric conditions (like temperature, icing, turbulence) or airport conditions (like runway condition codes or ground equipment failures).