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White bread typically refers to breads made from wheat flour from which the bran and the germ layers have been removed from the whole wheatberry as part of the flour grinding or milling process, producing a light-colored flour.
For generations, white bread was the preferred bread of the rich while the poor ate dark (whole grain) bread. However, in most Western societies, the connotations reversed in the late 20th century, with whole-grain bread becoming preferred as having superior nutritional value while Chorleywood bread became associated with lower-class ignorance ...
This is now a key step in the roller milling production of white endosperm flour. In contrast, whole grain milling systems that process the entire wheat kernel in one pass keep the grain as dry as possible. In 2017, these "single stream" systems actually produced a modest amount of the whole grain flour that was commercially milled.
German flour type numbers (Mehltypen) indicate the amount of ash (measured in milligrams) obtained from 100 g of the dry mass of this flour. Standard wheat flours (defined in DIN 10355) range from type 405 for normal white wheat flour for baking, to strong bread flour types 550, 812, and the darker types 1050 and 1600 for wholegrain breads.
Flour provides the primary structure, starch and protein to the final baked bread. The protein content of the flour is the best indicator of the quality of the bread dough and the finished bread. While bread can be made from all-purpose wheat flour, a specialty bread flour, containing more protein (12–14%), is recommended for high-quality bread.
The healthiest flour has more vitamins and minerals and fewer calories than refined wheat and white flours. Try oat flour or chickpea flour for health benefits.
Bread flour or strong flour is always made from hard wheat, usually hard spring wheat. It has a very high protein content, between 10% and 13%, making it excellent for yeast bread baking. It can be white or whole wheat or in between. [3] Cake flour is a finely milled white flour made from soft wheat.
Make a well in the center of the dry ingredients and pour the liquid, 3/4 cup at once, into the flour mixture. 5. Using an open hand bring the flour and liquid together to form a loose dough.