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The Dominant Factor Test (also known by several variants such as the Dominant Principle Test or Dominant Element Theory) is the principle that most U.S. jurisdictions (states or territories) use in determining, legally, what is and is not gambling. [1] The California Supreme Court said:
Esters: [2] Ethyl acetate is the most common ester in wine, being the product of the most common volatile organic acid — acetic acid, and the ethyl alcohol generated during the fermentation. Norisoprenoids, such as C13-norisoprenoids found in grape (Vitis vinifera) [8] or wine, [9] can be produced by fungal peroxidases [10] or glycosidases. [11]
IUPAC name IARC carcinogen group Toxic metabolite(s) Alcohol by volume (ABV) [1] LD50 in rat, oral [2]; Ethanol: Group 1: Acetaldehyde → acetic acid Up to 95.6% in rectified spirit
The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...
The measure of the amount of acidity in wine is known as the “titratable acidity” or “total acidity”, which refers to the test that yields the total of all acids present, while strength of acidity is measured according to pH, with most wines having a pH between 2.9 and 3.9. Generally, the lower the pH, the higher the acidity in the wine.
Alcohol proof (usually termed simply "proof" in relation to a beverage) is a measure of the content of ethanol (alcohol) in an alcoholic beverage. The term was originally used in England and from 1816 was equal to about 1.75 times the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV).
Congeners are the basis of alcohol congener analysis, a sub-discipline of forensic toxicology which determines what a person drank. There is some evidence that high-congener drinks induce more severe hangovers , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] but the effect is not well studied and is still secondary to the total amount of ethanol consumed.
There are a number of empirical formulae which brewers and winemakers use to estimate the alcohol content of the liquor made. [ citation needed ] Specific gravity is the density of a liquid relative to that of water, i.e., if the density of the liquid is 1.05 times that of water, it has a specific gravity of 1.05.