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Svapna (Sanskrit: स्वप्न, romanized: svapna) [1] is the Sanskrit word for a dream. In Hindu philosophy, svapna is a state of consciousness when a person is dreaming or is asleep. [2] In this state, he or she cannot perceive the external universe with the senses. This state may contain the conscious activities of memory or imagination.
In other words, sleeping persons perceive fewer stimuli, but can generally still respond to loud noises and other salient sensory events. [14] [12] During slow-wave sleep, humans secrete bursts of growth hormone. All sleep, even during the day, is associated with the secretion of prolactin. [15]
Polyphasic sleep is the practice of sleeping during multiple periods over the course of 24 hours, in contrast to monophasic sleep, which is one period of sleep within 24 hours. Biphasic (or diphasic , bifurcated , or bimodal ) sleep refers to two periods, while polyphasic usually means more than two. [ 1 ]
In the Greek tradition, Hypnos (Sleep) was the brother of Thanatos (Death), and the son of Nyx (Night). [7] According to Hesiod, Sleep, along with Death, live in the underworld, [8] while in the Homeric tradition, although "the land of dreams" was located on the road to the underworld, near the great world-encircling river Oceanus, nearby the city of Cimmerians, [9] Sleep himself lived on the ...
Indeed, it is not always possible in practice to assign a particular episode of any given phenomenon to one or the other, given that the same kinds of experience may occur in both as people drift in and out of sleep. Other terms for hypnagogia, in one or both senses, that have been proposed include "presomnal" or "anthypnic sensations ...
[37] [30]: 57–59 In other words, if at the end of a phase of deep sleep, the organism's thermal indicators fall outside of a certain range, it will not enter paradoxical sleep lest deregulation allow temperature to drift further from the desirable value. [30]: 45 This mechanism can be 'fooled' by artificially warming the brain. [30]: 61
Sleep-talking can also be caused by depression, sleep deprivation, day-time drowsiness, alcohol, and fever. It often occurs in association with other sleep disorders such as confusional arousals, sleep apnea, and REM sleep behavior disorder. In rare cases, adult-onset sleep-talking is linked with a psychiatric disorder or nocturnal seizure. [2]
Sleep deprivation was also found to increase beliefs of being correct, especially if they were wrong. Another study reported that the performance on free recall of a list of nouns is significantly worse when sleep deprived (an average of 2.8 ± 2 words) compared to having a normal night of sleep (4.7 ± 4 words).