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Kanishka I, [a] also known as Kanishka the Great, [5] was an emperor of the Kushan dynasty, under whose reign (c. 127 –150 CE) the empire reached its zenith. [6] He is famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements.
The Kushans, under Kanishka's rule, played a central role in spreading Buddhism to Central Asia and China and later Hinduism under the reign of Vasudeva I. [17] [7] [8] Though the Han dynasty maintained its influence in parts of the Tarim Basin, the Kushan presence was firmly established. [18]
A map of India in the 2nd century AD showing the extent of the Kushan Empire (in brown) during the reign of Kanishka.Most historians consider the empire to have variously extended as far east as the middle Ganges plain, [1] to Varanasi in the eastern Gangetic plain, [2] [3] or probably even Pataliputra.
Kanishka, the Kushan emperor (c. 127–150 CE), is known for his expansionist policies, including the conquest of Greater Bactria, an ancient region in Central Asia.This territory, comprising parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, had previously been under Hellenistic influence after Alexander the Great’s conquests and later the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.
The "Kanishka casket", dated to the first year of Kanishka's reign in 127 CE, was signed by a Greek artist named Agesilas, who oversaw work at Kanishka's stupas (caitya), confirming the direct involvement of Greeks with Buddhist realizations at such a late date.
Finally Kanishka claims in the Rabatak inscription that his power extends to Ujjain, the classical capital of the Western Satrap realm. This combined with the presence of the Chastana statue side by side with Kanishka would also suggest Kushan alliance with the Western Satraps.
Statues of the type of the Loriyan Tangai buddha, dated to 143 CE, during the reign of Kanishka I. The features are already rather late, and show a degeneration compared to more classical types: the drapery is already not as three-dimensional, and the head is large and broad-jawed. [20]
Huvishka (Kushan: Οοηϸκι, Ooēški, Brahmi: 𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀺𑀱𑁆𑀓; Hu-vi-ṣka, Huviṣka; [3] Kharosthi: 𐨱𐨂𐨬𐨅𐨮𐨿𐨐 Hu-ve-ṣka, Huveṣka [4]) was the emperor of the Kushan Empire from the death of Kanishka (assumed on the best evidence available to be in 150 CE) until the succession of Vasudeva I about thirty years later.