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The status of Mary as Theotokos was a topic of theological dispute in the 4th and 5th centuries and was the subject of the decree of the Council of Ephesus of 431 to the effect that, in opposition to those who denied Mary the title Theotokos ("the one who gives birth to God") but called her Christotokos ("the one who gives birth to Christ ...
The title "Mother of God" (Theotokos) for Mary was confirmed by the First Council of Ephesus, held at the Church of Mary in 431. The Council decreed that Mary is the Mother of God because her son Jesus is one person who is both God and man, divine and human. [28]
The council declared Mary as Theotokos (Mother of God). [ 4 ] Nestorius' dispute with Cyril had led the latter to seek validation from Pope Celestine I , who offered his support for Cyril to request that Nestorius recant his position or face excommunication .
Russian icon of Pokrov Icon, showing a broad protective cloak. Mid 17th century, Ukraine. According to Eastern Orthodox Sacred Tradition, the apparition of Mary the Theotokos occurred during the 10th century at the Blachernae church in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) where several of her relics (her robe, her veil, and part of her belt) were kept.
Mary, the mother of Jesus in Christianity, is known by many different titles (Blessed Mother, Virgin Mary, Mother of God, Our Lady, Holy Virgin, Madonna), epithets (Star of the Sea, Queen of Heaven, Cause of Our Joy), invocations (Panagia, Mother of Mercy, God-bearer Theotokos), and several names associated with places (Our Lady of Loreto, Our Lady of Fátima).
Related to this devotion is the Stabat Mater, a hymn composed in honor of the sufferings of Mary during the Crucifixion, generally attributed to Jacopone da Todi (1230-1306). [4] Alphonsus Liguori dedicated a whole chapter of his book The Glories of Mary (1750) to the seven dolors of Mary, and wrote reflections on each of the seven dolors. [11]
Anglican Marian theology is the summation of the doctrines and beliefs of Anglicanism concerning Mary, mother of Jesus.As Anglicans believe that Jesus was both human and God the Son, the second Person of the Trinity, within the Anglican Communion and Continuing Anglican movement, Mary is accorded honour [citation needed] as the theotokos, a Koiné Greek term that means "God-bearer" or "one who ...
Throughout Luther's life, he called Mary by the title Theotokos, Mother of God, [37] [need quotation to verify]. Martin Luther as well as Martin Chemnitz , "the other Martin" of early Lutheranism, are said to have prayed the pre-Trent Hail Mary, and very likely other suddenly-ex-Catholic Lutheran priests who were contemporaries of the two ...