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The stepped reckoner or Leibniz calculator was a mechanical calculator invented by the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (started in 1673, when he presented a wooden model to the Royal Society of London [2] and completed in 1694). [1]
A scientific calculator is an electronic calculator, either desktop or handheld, designed to perform calculations using basic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and advanced (trigonometric, hyperbolic, etc.) mathematical operations and functions.
The first Soviet scientific pocket-sized calculator the "B3-18" was completed by the end of 1975. In 1973, Texas Instruments (TI) introduced the SR-10, (SR signifying slide rule) an algebraic entry pocket calculator using scientific notation for $150. Shortly after the SR-11 featured an added key for entering pi (π).
Was the first scientific calculator to fly in space in 1973. [5] HP-35 calculators were carried on the Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 flights, between July 1973 and February 1974. [6] Is the first pocket calculator with a numeric range that covered 200 decades (more precise 199, ±10 ±99). [5]
The Sinclair Scientific was a 12-function, pocket-sized scientific calculator introduced in 1974, dramatically undercutting in price other calculators available at the time. The Sinclair Scientific Programmable , released a year later, was advertised as the first budget programmable calculator.
Pascaline (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascal's calculator) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen , France. [ 2 ]
1947 – Metropolis algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation (named one of the top-10 algorithms of the 20th century) [25] invented at Los Alamos by von Neumann, Ulam and Metropolis. [26] [27] [28] George Dantzig introduces the simplex method (named one of the top 10 algorithms of the 20th century) [25] in 1947. [29]
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; [a] 1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic and statistics.