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Limbal relaxing incisions (LRI) are a refractive surgical procedure to correct minor astigmatism in the eye. Incisions part way through the cornea are made at one side or at opposite edges of the cornea, following the curve of the iris, causing a slight flattening of the cornea in that area. [1]
Limbal relaxing incisions (LRI) are incisions near the outer edge of the iris, used to correct minor astigmatism (typically less than 2 diopters). This is often performed in conjunction with the implantation of intraocular lenses.
Kratz described the tunnel as an astigmatically neutral way of accessing the anterior chamber. In 1984, B. H. Thrasher et al. showed that incision position relative to the limbus has a strong effect on surgically induced astigmatism, as a 9 mm posterior incision induces less astigmatism than a 6 mm limbal incision. [1]
The small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure was first published in 2011 by Walter Sekundo et al. [7] [10] Various modifications of the procedure have since then been described which aim to reduce the duration of the procedure, reduce the risks of the lenticules being incorrectly cut or make the procedure easier to learn.
The Alpins Method is a system to plan and analyze the results of refractive surgical procedures, such as laser in-situ keratomileus (LASIK). [1] [2] [3] The Alpins Method is also used to plan cataract/toric intraocular lens (IOL) surgical procedures.
Astigmatism can also be treated with limbal relaxing incisions or an excimer laser procedure. [21] [22] About 40% of Americans have significant astigmatism and thus may be candidates for a toric IOL. [22] Cataract surgery with implantation of a toric IOL is essentially the same as cataract surgery with a conventional IOL.
Further research is needed to compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy techniques. It is not clear if a fornix-based surgical approach has a different safety rating, complication rate, surgical failure rate, or effectiveness compared to a limbal-based conjunctival flaps technique. [11]
The outer layer of the cornea, or epithelium, is a soft, rapidly regrowing layer in contact with the tear film that can completely replace itself from limbal stem cells within a few days with no loss of clarity. The deeper layers of the cornea, as opposed to the outer epithelium, are laid down early in life and have very limited regenerative ...