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In macroeconomics and economic policy, a floating exchange rate (also known as a fluctuating or flexible exchange rate) is a type of exchange rate regime in which a currency's value is allowed to fluctuate in response to foreign exchange market events. [1]
An exchange rate regime is a way a monetary authority of a country or currency union manages the currency about other currencies and the foreign exchange market.It is closely related to monetary policy and the two are generally dependent on many of the same factors, such as economic scale and openness, inflation rate, the elasticity of the labor market, financial market development, and ...
De facto exchange-rate arrangements in 2022 as classified by the International Monetary Fund. Floating ( floating and free floating ) Soft pegs ( conventional peg , stabilized arrangement , crawling peg , crawl-like arrangement , pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands )
A managed float regime, also known as a dirty float, is a type of exchange rate regime where a currency's value is allowed to fluctuate in response to foreign-exchange market mechanisms (i.e., supply and demand), but the central bank or monetary authority of the country intervenes occasionally to stabilize or steer the currency's value in a particular direction.
Intermediate regimes: horizontal bands, crawling pegs and crawling bands; Flexible regimes: managed and independent floats; All monetary regimes except for the permanently fixed regime experience the time inconsistency problem and exchange rate volatility, albeit to different degrees.
In a floating exchange rate system, a currency's value goes up (or down) if the demand for it goes up more (or less) than the supply does. In the short run this can happen unpredictably for a variety of reasons, including the balance of trade, speculation, or other factors in the international capital market.
Countries are free to choose which type of exchange rate regime they will apply to their currency. The main types of exchange rate regimes are: free-floating, pegged (fixed), or a hybrid. In free-floating regimes, exchange rates are allowed to vary against each other according to the market forces of supply and demand.
The main advantages of a crawling peg are that it avoids economic instability as a result of infrequent and discrete adjustments (fixed exchange rate), [1] and it minimizes the rate of uncertainty and volatility since the fluctuation in the exchange rate is kept minimal (floating exchange regime). [1] For example, Mexico used a crawling peg to ...