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Risk factors known as of 2010 are: Quantity of alcohol taken: Consumption of 60–80 g per day (14 g is considered one standard drink in the US, e.g. 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 US fl oz or 44 mL hard liquor, 5 US fl oz or 150 mL wine, 12 US fl oz or 350 mL beer; drinking a six-pack of 5% ABV beer daily would be 84 g and just over the upper limit) for 20 years or more in men, or 20 g/day for women ...
The level of ethanol consumption that minimizes the risk of disease, injury, and death is subject to some controversy. [16] Several studies have found a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and health, [17] [18] [2] [19] meaning that risk is minimized at a certain (non-zero) consumption level, and drinking below or above this level increases risk, with the risk level of drinking a ...
Liver damage can be caused by viruses, alcohol, medications, and other hepatotoxins. [12] Acetaminophen, found in many prescription and over-the-counter medications, is the most common drug that can cause liver damage if taken in a high dose or in conjunction with alcohol. [12] Many liver transplant patients require the transplant because of ...
A medical director of liver transplants in Colorado says he has noticed a worrying rise in the number of young people in their 20s and 30s who need liver transplants related to heavy alcohol use.
Alcohol is a risk factor for liver cancer, through cirrhosis. [76] [77] [78] "Cirrhosis results from scar formation within the liver, most commonly due to chronic alcohol use." [79] "Approximately 5 percent of people with cirrhosis develop liver cancer.
Alcohol tolerance is increased by regular drinking. [1] This reduced sensitivity to the physical effects of alcohol consumption requires that higher quantities of alcohol be consumed in order to achieve the same effects as before tolerance was established. Alcohol tolerance may lead to (or be a sign of) alcohol dependence. [1]
Enzymes. Women have lower levels of two enzymes—alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase—that metabolize (break down) alcohol in the stomach and liver. As a result, women absorb more alcohol into their bloodstreams than men. Hormones. Changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may also affect how a woman metabolizes alcohol.
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