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It was originally marketed as an inexpensive alternative to down; at the time, 3M claimed it was twice as warm as an equivalent amount of any natural material. [3] [4] Originally designed for clothing, it later became popular as an acoustic damping material. [5] In 1997, 3M generated US$150 million in annual revenue from the product. [5]
A foil bearing, also known as a foil-air bearing, is a type of air bearing. A shaft is supported by a compliant, spring-loaded foil journal lining. Once the shaft is spinning fast enough, the working fluid (usually air) pushes the foil away from the shaft so that no contact occurs. The shaft and foil are separated by the air's high pressure ...
Fluid bearings often inherently add significant damping. This helps attenuate resonances at the gyroscopic frequencies of journal bearings (sometimes called conical or rocking modes). It is very difficult to make a mechanical bearing which is atomically smooth and round; and mechanical bearings deform in high-speed operation due to centripetal ...
Overhead projector in operation, with a transparency being flashed. A transparency, also known variously as a viewfoil or foil (from the French word "feuille" or sheet), or viewgraph, is a thin sheet of transparent flexible material, typically polyester (historically cellulose acetate), onto which figures can be drawn.
Materials have a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) that is established by standard test methods. One common set of units is g/m 2 ·day or g/100in 2 ·day. Permeability can be reported in perms , a measure of the rate of transfer of water vapor through a material (1.0 US perm = 1.0 grain/square-foot·hour· inch of mercury ≈ 57 SI perm ...
Damping dissipates energy in the system, which reduces the vibration level which is transmitted at the natural frequency. The fluid in automotive shock absorbers is a kind of damper, as is the inherent damping in elastomeric (rubber) engine mounts. Damping is used in passive isolators to reduce the amount of amplification at the natural frequency.
The constrained layer damping tools usually apply high damping material in the tool end's clamping interface, at specific areas where vibration strain energy concentrates. Typical examples refer to Mircona AB's product series Zero Vibration Tooling developed by the research group led by Cornel-Mihai Nicolescu, in Royal Institute of Technology ...
Damping capacity is a mechanical property of materials that measure a material's ability to dissipate elastic strain energy during mechanical vibration or wave propagation. When ranked according to damping capacity, materials may be roughly categorized as either high- or low-damping.
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