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Several kavalactones (e.g., methysticin and yangonin) affect a group of enzymes involved in metabolism, called the CYP450 system. Hepatotoxicity occurred in a small portion of previously healthy kava users, [8] [12] particularly from extracts, as opposed to whole root powders.
Kavain has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na + and Ca 2+ channels. [1] How this effect is mediated, and to what extent this mechanism is involved in the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of kavalactones on the central nervous system, is unknown.
Several adverse interactions with drugs have been documented, both prescription and nonprescription — including, but not limited to, anticonvulsants, alcohol, anxiolytics (central nervous system depressants such as benzodiazepines), antipsychotics, levodopa, diuretics, and drugs metabolized by CYP450 in the liver.
In a mouse study, researchers found that zolpidem (Ambien), a common sleep aid, could prevent the brain from effectively clearing up 'waste', though it remains unclear whether this could affect ...
The department's memorandum was issued in response to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's determination in 2020 that kava was not safe for human consumption due to the potential for liver ...
When two drugs affect each other, it is a drug–drug interaction (DDI). The risk of a DDI increases with the number of drugs used. [1] A large share of elderly people regularly use five or more medications or supplements, with a significant risk of side-effects from drug–drug interactions. [2] Drug interactions can be of three kinds ...
This is a list of investigational sleep drugs, or drugs for the treatment of sleep disorders that are currently under development for clinical use but are not yet approved. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.
In a 2018 study, the FDA identified active pharmaceutical additives in over 700 analyzed dietary supplements sold as "herbal", "natural" or "traditional". [54] The undisclosed additives included "unapproved antidepressants and designer steroids", as well as prescription drugs , such as sildenafil or sibutramine .