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Cycads in South Africa. Cycads / ˈ s aɪ k æ d z / are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or female. Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters ...
Macrozamia macdonnellii, common name MacDonnell Ranges Cycad, is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. [2] It is endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia. [1] [2] Macrozamia macdonnellii is not eaten by the Arrernte people of the Macdonnell Ranges due to the extensive process of toxin leaching that is required.
As with all cycads this species is dioecious. Male plants may carry up to 15 cones, whereas only one or two occur on the females. The seeds, embedded in bright-red flesh are eaten and distributed by the purple-crested lourie (Tauraco porphyreolophus) and by the trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes bucinator). [3]
Encephalartos is a genus of cycad native to Africa. Several species of Encephalartos are commonly referred to as bread trees, [2] bread palms [3] or kaffir bread, [4] since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem.
The seeds when mature measure about 5 cm (2.0 in) long by 4 cm (1.6 in) wide and are sheathed in a bright red sarcotesta. [4] [5] [6] It is reputed to be the tallest known species of cycad and it towers over other understorey vegetation, but rarely reaches the forest canopy. [6] [7]: 4
This is a tall, tree-like cycad plant with a stem that can be upright or lying down, reaching up to 4.5 m (15 ft) in height and 30 and 45 cm (12–18 in) in diameter. Its bright green, feather-like leaves grow in a cluster at the top of the trunk, each leaf being 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft) long and supported by a 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long stalk ...
The Madagascar cycad is found on Madagascar and the nearby islands of Comoros, Mayotte and the Seychelles. It is also found along the coasts of Kenya , Mozambique , and Tanzania . [ 1 ] According to de Laubenfels and Adema, the plant is also found in Sri Lanka , but this may be confusion with the closely related Cycas circinalis . [ 2 ]
They have broad, rhombic-shaped microsporophylls. The female cones are ovoid, green, and larger, measuring 15–35 cm long and 8–15 cm in diameter. Their macrosporophylls have a warty surface. The seeds are oblong, 20–30 mm long, 18–23 mm wide, and covered by a red sarcotesta. [4]