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This predates and is distinct from its use in mobile phones. The Qualcomm standard IS-95, marketed as cdmaOne. The Qualcomm standard IS-2000, known as CDMA2000, is used by several mobile phone companies, including the Globalstar network. [nb 1] The UMTS 3G mobile phone standard, which uses W-CDMA. [nb 2]
In 3G, the most prevalent technology was UMTS with CDMA-2000 in close contention. All radio access technologies have to solve the same problems: to divide the finite RF spectrum among multiple users as efficiently as possible. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA for user and cell separation. UMTS, IS-95 and CDMA-2000 use CDMA. WiMAX and LTE use OFDM.
Hughes Software Systems, Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access, March 2002. German Aerospace Center, Institute of Communications and Navigation, History of Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) and Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum Workshop, November 2006. Wireless Communication Reference Web Site, section about MC-CDMA, 2001.
Exclusive use for M2M, emergency communication and Smart Metering. Alliander Netherlands: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A 450 May 2016: 3 MHz [5] [6] Private network for critical infrastructure. Exclusive use for M2M communication and Smart Metering. 450connect Germany: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A 450 Nov 2016: 2x 1,25 MHz [7] [8] [9] [10]
Mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) in the United States lease wireless telephone and data service from major carriers such as AT&T Mobility, T-Mobile US, or Verizon Wireless, as well as regional carrier United States Cellular Corporation for resale. The largest operator of MVNOs is TracFone Wireless with over 25 million subscribers.
This is a list of the world's 25 largest terrestrial mobile phone network operators measured by number of subscriptions. Rank ... Proprietary CDMA: 0.638 (March 2015 ...
FDMA is one of the multiple access methods used in cellular networks. 50 MHz blocks of communication channel are assigned, which lie in radio frequency range and contain an equal number of uplinks (terminal to base station) and downlinks (base station to terminal). [2] One or more bidirectional channels are carried by 10-90 band pairs.
CDMA2000 1X (IS-2000), also known as 1x and 1xRTT, is the core CDMA2000 wireless air interface standard.The designation "1x", meaning 1 times radio transmission technology, indicates the same radio frequency (RF) bandwidth as IS-95: a duplex pair of 1.25 MHz radio channels. 1xRTT almost doubles the capacity of IS-95 by adding 64 more traffic channels to the forward link, orthogonal to (in ...