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During the Uruk Period of Sumerian history, jobs in Sumeria became more specialized. Leading to city-states forming armies. The armies of Sumer could have thousands of soldiers; some city states could field armies five thousand or six thousand men strong. [1] In ancient Sumerian militaries, the king was the supreme commander of the army.
The Assyrians were one of the most successful military kingdoms. They were one of the first to produce iron weapons, which, alongside their utter ruthlessness and the aforementioned tactics, helped them succeed with campaigns in Egypt, Asia Minor, and the Levant, arguably making the Assyrians one of the best ancient empires.
It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sumerian army consisting mostly of infantry. The infantry carried spears, wore copper helmets, and carried rectangular shields. The spearmen are shown arranged in what resembles the phalanx formation, which requires training and discipline; this implies that the Sumerians may have used professional soldiers.
Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia asserted that King Mesilim's original treaty seems to favour Lagash over Umma. [11] The six-deep phalanx-like dense formation of the soldiers "astonished" modern scholars upon its reveal, as it was previously assumed that this army formation was a signature of the Ancient Greeks almost 2000 years later. [30]
The Third Dynasty of Ur or Ur III was a Sumerian dynasty based in the city of Ur in the 22nd and 21st centuries BC (middle chronology).For a short period they were the preeminent power in Mesopotamia and their realm is sometimes referred to by historians as the Neo-Sumerian Empire.
Birhurtura (𒄵𒄯𒌉𒊏, ḪI׊E-ḪI×AŠ₂-tur-ra; sometimes written as BIRHARtura) [1] was a royal guard of Gilgamesh in Uruk.His military exploits are recorded in the Sumerian poem Gilgamesh and Aga, where Kish besieged Uruk to enslave the city into irrigation works.
A Cuneiform-compound-KA x ERIM enclosing the cuneiform character for army, or troops. ERIM is the capital letter-( majuscule ) Sumerogram for the Akkadian language word army , or "troops". The akkadian language word for army is ("ṣābu"-using s-dot, the special s); consequently the cuneiform character for ERIM is also equivalent to sab , zab ...
Sumerian phalanx-like formation c. 2400 BC, from detail of the victory stele of King Eannatum of Lagash over Umma, called the Stele of the Vultures. The phalanx (pl.: phalanxes or phalanges) [1] was a rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar polearms tightly packed together.