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Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply. [4] The feet and hands are most commonly affected. [1] If the gangrene is caused by an infectious agent, it may present with a fever or sepsis. [1] Symptoms may include: [1] a change in skin color to red or black; numbness; swelling; pain; skin breakdown; coolness
Decreased propulsive ability may be broadly classified as caused either by bowel obstruction or by intestinal atony or paralysis. However, instances with symptoms and signs of a bowel obstruction occur, but with the absence of a mechanical obstruction, mainly in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, Ogilvie's syndrome. [3]
Gangrene, specifically dry gangrene, is caused by an atherosclerotic or thromboembolic arterial occlusion. [8] Gangrene is a complication of prolonged PAD, leading to shriveling, blackening, and infarction of peripheral tissue, commonly in the extremities. [8] In severe cases, amputation of the affected limb is required.
Similar occlusion to blood flow and consequent necrosis can occur as a result of severe vasoconstriction as illustrated in severe Raynaud's phenomenon that can lead to irreversible gangrene. Red infarctions (hemorrhagic infarcts) generally affect the lungs or other loose organs (testis, ovary, small intestines).
Fournier gangrene is usually diagnosed clinically, but laboratory tests and imaging studies are used to confirm diagnosis, determine severity, and predict outcomes. [2] X-rays and ultrasounds may show the presence of gas below the surface of the skin. [2] A CT scan can be useful in determining the site of origin and extent of spread. [2]
This is a medical emergency, as the loss of blood supply to the bowel can result in necrosis (tissue death) followed by gangrene (tissue decay). This is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate surgery. [3] The term incarcerated femoral hernia is sometimes used, but may have different meanings to different authors and physicians.
Noma (also known as gangrenous stomatitis or cancrum oris) is a rapidly-progressive and often-fatal gangrenous infection of the mouth and face. Noma usually begins as an ulcer on the gums and rapidly spreads into the jawbone, cheek, and facial soft tissues.
The gross anatomy of a muscle is the most important indicator of its role in the body. One particularly important aspect of gross anatomy of muscles is pennation or lack thereof. In most muscles, all the fibers are oriented in the same direction, running in a line from the origin to the insertion.